As I discussed a few posts back the global community
committed at the beginning of the new millennium to 8 overarching goals with
regard to development. As you
know, Janna and I are both volunteering under Uniterra’s Education sector and
therefore the progress towards goal number 2 is extremely relevant to our work
here. Goal number 2 is as follows:
Achieve Universal
Primary Education
TARGET
1. Ensure that, by
2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a
full course of primary schooling
Ghana is working hard on this goal, both through the
voluntary sector such as my work, but the government also sees education as a
primary focus. Below you will see
that some of the steps Ghana has made are recognized in a positive light by the
United Nations but despite this there still is a lot of work to do.
Additionally, enrolment is only part of the problem, what the real outcome
needs to be is education. What matters is that students are actually learning,
and learning skills that they want and need to learn. Quality of the education
received is a major concern of my organization, the Ghana National Education
Campaign Coalition.
Quick Facts
* Enrolment in primary education in developing regions
reached 89 per cent in 2008, up from 83 per cent in 2000.
* The current pace of progress is insufficient to meet the
target by 2015.
* About 69 million school-age children are not in school.
Almost half of them (31 million) are in sub-Saharan Africa, and
more than a quarter (18 million) are in Southern Asia.
WHERE DO WE STAND?
Despite great strides in many countries, the target is
unlikely to be met. Enrolment in primary education has
continued to rise, reaching 89 per cent in the developing
world in 2008. Between 1999 and 2008, enrolment
increased by 18 percentage points in sub-Saharan Africa,
and by 11 and 8 percentage points in Southern Asia and
Northern Africa, respectively.
But the pace of progress is insufficient to ensure that, by
2015, all girls and boys complete a full course of primary
schooling. To achieve the goal by the target date, all
children
at official entry age for primary schooling would have had
to be attending classes by 2009. Instead, in half of the
sub-Saharan African countries with available data, at least
one in four children of enrolment age was not attending
school in 2008.
About 69 million school-age children were not going to
school in 2008, down from 106 million children in 1999.
Almost three-quarters of children out of school are in sub-
Saharan Africa (31 million) or Southern Asia (18 million).
Drop-out rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain high.
Achieving universal primary education requires more than
full enrolment. It also means ensuring that children
continue
to attend classes. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 30 per
cent of primary school students drop out before reaching
a final grade.
Moreover, providing enough teachers and classrooms is
vital in order to meet demand, most notably in sub-Saharan
Africa. It is estimated that double the current number of
teachers would be needed in sub-Saharan Africa in order
to meet the primary education target by 2015.
WHAT HAS WORKED?
• Abolishing school fees in Burundi, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Nepal and Tanzania:
The abolition of school fees at primary school level has
led to a surge in enrolment in a number of countries.
In Tanzania, the enrolment ratio had doubled to 99.6
per cent by 2008, compared to 1999 rates. In Ethiopia,
net enrolment was 79 per cent in 2008, an increase of
95 per cent since 2000. But the surge in enrolment in
developing regions has brought a new set of challenges
in providing enough teachers and classrooms.
• Investing in teaching infrastructure and resources in
Ghana, Nepal and Tanzania: Ghana has recruited retirees
and volunteers to meet teacher demand. Additional funds
have also been allocated for the provision of temporary
classrooms and teaching materials. In Nepal, investment
has ensured that more than 90 per cent of students live
within 30 minutes of their local school. And Tanzania
has embarked on an ambitious programme of education
reform, building 54,000 classrooms between 2002 and
2006, as well as hiring 18,000 additional teachers.
Promoting education for girls in Botswana, Egypt and
Malawi: Egypt’s Girls’ Education Initiative and Food-for-
Education (FFE) programme encourage girls to attend
school by providing free education and by constructing
and promoting ‘girl-friendly schools’. By 2008, more than
1,000 schools were built and almost 28,000 students
enrolled. In conjunction the FFE programme provides
school meals to 84,000 children in poor and vulnerable
communities. Botswana has reduced female drop-out
rates by half by implementing readmission policies.
Malawi has been promoting girls’ education in grades
1-4 by providing learning materials.
• Expanding access to remote and rural areas in Bolivia
and Mongolia: Mongolia has introduced mobile schools
(‘tent schools’) to reach children who would otherwise
not have regular access to primary education. One
hundred mobile schools have been providing educational
services across 21 provinces. In Bolivia, a bilingual
education programme has been introduced for three of
the most widely used indigenous languages. It covered
11 per cent of primary schools in 2002, expanding access
to education for indigenous children in remote areas.
Below is a link to an article if you would like to see where the achievement of the other Millennium Development Goals stands.
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